What is viaticum?

Viaticum is Holy Communion given to a baptized Catholic who is near death. The word means provision for the way, because Christ gives Himself as food for the passage from this life to eternal life.

What the Church teaches. The Eucharist is the memorial of Christ's death and Resurrection and the pledge of future glory. When received as viaticum, it has special significance as the final sacrament of Christian life, strengthening the dying person for the last passage to the Father (CCC 1524). Jesus promised, "Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him on the last day" (Jn 6:54).

Who should receive it. Catholics who are in danger of death from illness, injury, or old age should receive viaticum if they are able. Church law strongly urges the faithful in danger of death to receive Holy Communion, even if they have already received Communion that day (Canon 921). The person should be conscious enough to recognize the sacrament and physically able to consume it. A priest will determine what is possible in difficult medical circumstances.

How it relates to the last rites. Viaticum is often given with the other rites for the dying. If the person is able, these may include sacramental confession, the Anointing of the Sick, the Apostolic Pardon, viaticum, and prayers commending the person to God. The Anointing of the Sick gives strength, peace, courage, and, when needed, forgiveness of sins (CCC 1520-1523). Viaticum remains distinct because it is the Eucharist itself, the Body and Blood of Christ.

Do not wait until the final moments. Families sometimes call a priest only after a person has become unconscious or can no longer swallow. The sacraments should be requested earlier, while the sick person can participate and receive Communion. Calling a priest does not mean surrendering hope for recovery. Anointing and viaticum entrust the person to Christ, whether God grants healing or prepares the person for death.

If a Catholic loved one is seriously ill or approaching death, contact the parish or hospital chaplain promptly. Ask specifically for a priest and mention that the person may need confession, Anointing of the Sick, and viaticum.